In Italy, the volcanoes that have erupted in recent years are Etna and Stromboli. The former is located on the east coast of Sicily, while the latter is part of the Aeolian Islands archipelago.
\nIn the \"Emergencies in Italy\" section, we provide a description of the eruptions that have occurred over the past decade. Due to their intensity and extent, type C events are met with extraordinary means and powers. The Prime Minister signed decrees declaring States of emergency for the eruptions of the Stromboli and Etna volcanoes, which were subsequently extended multiple times.
\nThe entire National Civil Protection Service took part in emergency management. Specifically, the Civil Protection Department deployed its personnel and resources in the affected areas to implement emergency plans, rescue the affected population, and reduce the damaging effects by organizing and coordinating active measures such as lava flow deviations, as well as passive measures like planned evacuations, collecting and disposing of ash, and distributing self-protective devices for falling ashes.
\nIn the \"International interventions\" section, we describe the eruption of Iceland's Eyjafjallajökull volcano and the ash cloud it produced, impacting the skies of Europe from March to May 2010, including Italy.
\n"},"fields":{"slug":"/volcanic/"},"field_link_esterni":[],"field_tabella":null,"relationships":{"field_immagine_dettaglio":{"field_alt":"Stromboli, 2019 - Monitoraggio della Sciara del Fuoco","field_didascalia":"Stromboli, 2019 - Monitoraggio della Sciara del Fuoco","field_titolo_esteso":"Stromboli, 2019 - Monitoraggio della Sciara del Fuoco","relationships":{"image":{"localFile":{"publicURL":"/static/3481332e505c835581929fd677ae5e2f/stromboli-996a5233-2.jpg","childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"aspectRatio":1.5027322404371584,"src":"/static/3481332e505c835581929fd677ae5e2f/809fc/stromboli-996a5233-2.jpg","srcSet":"/static/3481332e505c835581929fd677ae5e2f/cf463/stromboli-996a5233-2.jpg 275w,\n/static/3481332e505c835581929fd677ae5e2f/dee3b/stromboli-996a5233-2.jpg 550w,\n/static/3481332e505c835581929fd677ae5e2f/809fc/stromboli-996a5233-2.jpg 850w","sizes":"(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px"}}}}}},"field_sottodominio":{"name":"Emergenze"},"field_riferimento_traduzione":{"fields":{"slug":"/vulcaniche/"}},"field_immagine_singola":null,"field_mappa":null,"field_box_social":null,"field_accordion":[],"field_tab":[{"field_titolo":"Emergencies in Italy","field_tabella":null,"field_testo":null,"relationships":{"field_immagine":null,"field_video":null,"field_link_interni":[{"__typename":"node__sezione_con_anticipazioni","field_categoria_primaria":"sezione","field_titolo_esteso":"Stromboli eruption 2024","field_abstract":{"processed":"On July 4, the Stromboli volcano experienced a sudden increase in volcanic activity. This had been building up since June when an eruptive fissure opened at the base of the volcano's northeastern crater. A lava flow formed and spread along the Sciara del Fuoco, reaching the coast. A few hours later, a new pyroclastic flow followed, spreading to the sea surface along the Sciara del Fuoco and generating a 40-cm wave without impacting the island's coast.
\nAfter evaluating the situation, during the meeting with the Centres of Competence and the Civil Protection of the Sicilian Region, the Civil Protection Department changed the alert level from orange to red and activated the operational phase of pre-alarm. This led to the immediate enhancement of the volcano monitoring system and improved communication between the scientific community and the National Service's operational structures.
\nAt the Advanced Operations Center - COA of Stromboli, the local level of civil protection was immediately activated. The Mayor of Lipari ordered the first precautionary measures to protect people on the island.
\nOn July 5, the Civil Protection Department called for a meeting of the Operational Committee to provide updates on the volcano's activity and the initial safety measures implemented and to arrange anything else foreseen by the National emergency plan for tsunami risk. Later that day, the National Commission for the Forecasting and Prevention of Major Risks convened to evaluate the potential progression of the situation.
\nOn July 8, the Minister for Civil Protection and Sea Policies signed a decree for the extraordinary mobilization of the National Service in support of the Sicilian Region. This measure explicitly tasks the Department with coordinating interventions to prepare the necessary assistance and rescue for the affected communities.
\nOn July 23, following the evaluations of the Centres of Competence and the results of the Major Risks Commission session, the Department changed the alert level to be changed from red to orange.
\nPeople living on the island or planning to travel to it are advised to stay updated on the current events and follow the civil protection measures adopted by the Mayor of Lipari and, more generally, the Civil Protection System. For more information on the Stromboli volcano and what to do in case of paroxysmal explosion or tsunami, please visit the dedicated page on the I don't take risks website, the national campaign on good civil protection practices.
\nPhoto: National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology
\n","value":"On July 4, the Stromboli volcano experienced a sudden increase in volcanic activity. This had been building up since June when an eruptive fissure opened at the base of the volcano's northeastern crater. A lava flow formed and spread along the Sciara del Fuoco, reaching the coast. A few hours later, a new pyroclastic flow followed, spreading to the sea surface along the Sciara del Fuoco and generating a 40-cm wave without impacting the island's coast.
\r\n\r\nAfter evaluating the situation, during the meeting with the Centres of Competence and the Civil Protection of the Sicilian Region, the Civil Protection Department changed the alert level from orange to red and activated the operational phase of pre-alarm. This led to the immediate enhancement of the volcano monitoring system and improved communication between the scientific community and the National Service's operational structures.
\r\n\r\nAt the Advanced Operations Center - COA of Stromboli, the local level of civil protection was immediately activated. The Mayor of Lipari ordered the first precautionary measures to protect people on the island.
\r\n\r\nOn July 5, the Civil Protection Department called for a meeting of the Operational Committee to provide updates on the volcano's activity and the initial safety measures implemented and to arrange anything else foreseen by the National emergency plan for tsunami risk. Later that day, the National Commission for the Forecasting and Prevention of Major Risks convened to evaluate the potential progression of the situation.
\r\n\r\nOn July 8, the Minister for Civil Protection and Sea Policies signed a decree for the extraordinary mobilization of the National Service in support of the Sicilian Region. This measure explicitly tasks the Department with coordinating interventions to prepare the necessary assistance and rescue for the affected communities.
\r\n\r\nOn July 23, following the evaluations of the Centres of Competence and the results of the Major Risks Commission session, the Department changed the alert level to be changed from red to orange.
\r\n\r\nPeople living on the island or planning to travel to it are advised to stay updated on the current events and follow the civil protection measures adopted by the Mayor of Lipari and, more generally, the Civil Protection System. For more information on the Stromboli volcano and what to do in case of paroxysmal explosion or tsunami, please visit the dedicated page on the I don't take risks website, the national campaign on good civil protection practices.
\r\n\r\nPhoto: National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology
\r\n"},"fields":{"slug":"/volcanic/stromboli-eruption-2024/"},"relationships":{"field_sottodominio":{"name":"Emergenze"},"field_immagine_anteprima":{"field_alt":"Eruzione Stromboli 2024 (Foto INGV)","field_didascalia":"Eruzione Stromboli 2024 (Foto INGV)","relationships":{"image":{"localFile":{"publicURL":"/static/0f411c3ff1881ffe67f202f74c6c0565/pp-stromboli-eruzione-2024.jpg","childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"aspectRatio":1.7857142857142858,"src":"/static/0f411c3ff1881ffe67f202f74c6c0565/14b42/pp-stromboli-eruzione-2024.jpg","srcSet":"/static/0f411c3ff1881ffe67f202f74c6c0565/f836f/pp-stromboli-eruzione-2024.jpg 200w,\n/static/0f411c3ff1881ffe67f202f74c6c0565/2244e/pp-stromboli-eruzione-2024.jpg 400w,\n/static/0f411c3ff1881ffe67f202f74c6c0565/14b42/pp-stromboli-eruzione-2024.jpg 800w,\n/static/0f411c3ff1881ffe67f202f74c6c0565/47498/pp-stromboli-eruzione-2024.jpg 1200w,\n/static/0f411c3ff1881ffe67f202f74c6c0565/0e329/pp-stromboli-eruzione-2024.jpg 1600w,\n/static/0f411c3ff1881ffe67f202f74c6c0565/69755/pp-stromboli-eruzione-2024.jpg 2048w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}}},"field_immagine_dettaglio":{"field_alt":"EVIDENZA Eruzione Stromboli 2024 (Foto INGV)","relationships":{"image":{"localFile":{"publicURL":"/static/8b06cf4d3ff26c187c5f0d2b865c7b01/evid-stromboli-eruzione-2024.jpg","childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"aspectRatio":1.5037593984962405,"src":"/static/8b06cf4d3ff26c187c5f0d2b865c7b01/14b42/evid-stromboli-eruzione-2024.jpg","srcSet":"/static/8b06cf4d3ff26c187c5f0d2b865c7b01/f836f/evid-stromboli-eruzione-2024.jpg 200w,\n/static/8b06cf4d3ff26c187c5f0d2b865c7b01/2244e/evid-stromboli-eruzione-2024.jpg 400w,\n/static/8b06cf4d3ff26c187c5f0d2b865c7b01/14b42/evid-stromboli-eruzione-2024.jpg 800w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}}}}},{"__typename":"node__page","title":"Etna eruption 2008-2009","field_titolo_esteso":"Etna eruption 2008-2009","body":{"processed":"On May 13, 2008, Etna entered a phase of intense eruptive activity. A fracture opened at an altitude of 2800 m on the eastern side of the northeast crater. During this Strombolian volcanic activity, lava flows were emitted into the Valle del Bove.
\nPrecursory phenomena. Before the opening of the fracture, there was a significant increase in seismic activity in the Valle del Leone area near the crater. Around 230 shallow earthquakes were recorded, with the strongest registering a magnitude of 3.9. The towns of Milo, Randazzo, and S. Alfio experienced the most intense tremors.
\nActivation of Cfc-rv and alert procedures. During the early stages of the volcanic eruptions, ash columns formed and fell on towns northeast of the volcano, reaching as far as the city of Milazzo. The Central Functional Centre for Volcanic Risk (Cfc-rv) quickly contacted monitoring centers to evaluate the ongoing events. At the same time, alert procedures were activated.
\nAcquisition of radar satellite images of the Cosmo-SkyMed constellation. On May 14, 2008, dense cloud cover prevented surveillance cameras and traditional optical satellite sensors (AVHRR, MSG, and MODIS) from identifying the position of the eruptive fracture. The procedures for near-real-time acquisition of high-resolution radar satellite images from the Cosmo-SkyMed constellation, developed as part of projects with the Italian Space Agency (ASI), were then activated. The comparison with an image of the same area taken a few months before allowed the precise identification of the eruptive fracture position and the side affected by the subsequent effusive activity.
\nProcedures for the definition of hazard scenarios. Afterward, procedures were tested to define risk scenarios caused by the movement of lava flows using the simulation model MAGFLOW. This model was developed as part of planned projects between the Civil Protection Department and the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology-Ingv for 2007-2009.
\nIn July 2009, the eruptive activity at the base of the southeast crater ended, shifting the focus back to the summit crater vents.
\nPhoto: Etna eruption, 20 June 2008 / Michele Amante, CC BY-NC-ND 2.0, via flickr.com
\n","value":"On May 13, 2008, Etna entered a phase of intense eruptive activity. A fracture opened at an altitude of 2800 m on the eastern side of the northeast crater. During this Strombolian volcanic activity, lava flows were emitted into the Valle del Bove.
\r\n\r\nPrecursory phenomena. Before the opening of the fracture, there was a significant increase in seismic activity in the Valle del Leone area near the crater. Around 230 shallow earthquakes were recorded, with the strongest registering a magnitude of 3.9. The towns of Milo, Randazzo, and S. Alfio experienced the most intense tremors.
\r\n\r\nActivation of Cfc-rv and alert procedures. During the early stages of the volcanic eruptions, ash columns formed and fell on towns northeast of the volcano, reaching as far as the city of Milazzo. The Central Functional Centre for Volcanic Risk (Cfc-rv) quickly contacted monitoring centers to evaluate the ongoing events. At the same time, alert procedures were activated.
\r\n\r\nAcquisition of radar satellite images of the Cosmo-SkyMed constellation. On May 14, 2008, dense cloud cover prevented surveillance cameras and traditional optical satellite sensors (AVHRR, MSG, and MODIS) from identifying the position of the eruptive fracture. The procedures for near-real-time acquisition of high-resolution radar satellite images from the Cosmo-SkyMed constellation, developed as part of projects with the Italian Space Agency (ASI), were then activated. The comparison with an image of the same area taken a few months before allowed the precise identification of the eruptive fracture position and the side affected by the subsequent effusive activity.
\r\n\r\nProcedures for the definition of hazard scenarios. Afterward, procedures were tested to define risk scenarios caused by the movement of lava flows using the simulation model MAGFLOW. This model was developed as part of planned projects between the Civil Protection Department and the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology-Ingv for 2007-2009.
\r\n\r\nIn July 2009, the eruptive activity at the base of the southeast crater ended, shifting the focus back to the summit crater vents.
\r\n\r\nPhoto: Etna eruption, 20 June 2008 / Michele Amante, CC BY-NC-ND 2.0, via flickr.com
\r\n"},"field_abstract":null,"field_categoria_primaria":"pagina","field_codice_lingua":true,"fields":{"slug":"/volcanic/etna-eruption-2008-2009/"},"relationships":{"field_sottodominio":{"name":"Emergenze"},"field_immagine_anteprima":null,"field_immagine_dettaglio":{"field_alt":"Eruzione Etna 2008","field_didascalia":"Eruzione Etna 2008","relationships":{"image":{"localFile":{"publicURL":"/static/3e60a2bf7758390411aafcd3f18bdc96/evid-eruzione-etna-2008.jpg","childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"aspectRatio":1.5037593984962405,"src":"/static/3e60a2bf7758390411aafcd3f18bdc96/14b42/evid-eruzione-etna-2008.jpg","srcSet":"/static/3e60a2bf7758390411aafcd3f18bdc96/f836f/evid-eruzione-etna-2008.jpg 200w,\n/static/3e60a2bf7758390411aafcd3f18bdc96/2244e/evid-eruzione-etna-2008.jpg 400w,\n/static/3e60a2bf7758390411aafcd3f18bdc96/14b42/evid-eruzione-etna-2008.jpg 800w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}}}}},{"__typename":"node__page","title":"Stromboli eruption 2007","field_titolo_esteso":"Stromboli eruption 2007","body":{"processed":"Centres of Competence activities. On February 27, 2007, the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (INGV) and the University of Florence informed the Central Functional Centre for Volcanic Risk (Cfc-rv) of the Department of Civil Protection about significant changes in the state of the Stromboli volcano. These Centers of Competence reported increased rolling rocks along the Sciara del Fuoco. The alarm was raised after several weeks of volcanic activity with high values of the monitored parameters.
\nCoa activation. The Cfc-rv, which was already in a state of surveillance, observed an explosive phase through the surveillance cameras, followed shortly after by the opening of an effusive vent at the base of the north-east crater and then landslides along the Sciara del Fuoco. Alert procedures were immediately activated, and the Advanced Operations Center (Coa) of Stromboli was contacted to activate the sirens and evacuate the population from the coast.
\nConvocation of the Crisis Unit. The Civil Protection Department consulted with the heads of the monitoring centers and the experts of the Major Risks Commission to conduct an initial evaluation of the ongoing phenomena. They also convened the Crisis Unit to coordinate emergency activities. Additionally, the Department authorized the dispatch of two teams of experts and technicians to reach the island within a few hours via helicopter.
\nEstablishment of the Scientific Synthesis Group and provisions for the population. On March 1, 2007, the Civil Protection Department established a Scientific Synthesis Group at the Coa of Stromboli. The group consisted of volcanological experts from the Major Risks Commission and experts responsible for monitoring. Their purpose was to assess current volcanic phenomena and hazards. Based on their evaluations, the emergency plan activation, aimed at reducing the population's exposure to the risks from eruptions or landslides, was adjusted as needed in coordination with central structures.
\nOn March 7, 2007, the Mayor of the Municipality of Lipari issued an ordinance prohibiting access to the volcano summits.
\nNew eruptive phases and further provisions. On March 9, a resumption of effusive activity was observed from the volcanic vent at 400m altitude. A sudden increase in the deformation of the Sciara del Fuoco was recorded, and a second effusive vent was opened at an altitude of about 500m. In response, a monitoring system was put in place, and it was decided that the people living in the coastal area should be evacuated.
\nOn March 15, 2007, a paroxysmal explosion occurred from the northeast crater, the products of which caused damage to the paths, to the monitoring network on the volcano, and also to the shelters present on the summits of the volcano.
\nOn April 7, 2007, the effusive activity ended, and the regular Strombolian activity of the volcano resumed.
\nCommunication activities and correct behaviors. In April 2007, the Department produced a multilingual information brochure entitled \"Welcome to the most beautiful active volcano in the world.\" The brochure explains the risks and correct behaviors for tourists and hikers when climbing a volcano.
\nAn emergency management intervention was implemented and conducted using the experience gained from the previous emergency in 2002-2003 and the structural and procedural innovations introduced in recent years. This involved all the offices of the Department, the Cfc-rv, and the Coa at various levels.
\n","value":"Centres of Competence activities. On February 27, 2007, the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology (INGV) and the University of Florence informed the Central Functional Centre for Volcanic Risk (Cfc-rv) of the Department of Civil Protection about significant changes in the state of the Stromboli volcano. These Centers of Competence reported increased rolling rocks along the Sciara del Fuoco. The alarm was raised after several weeks of volcanic activity with high values of the monitored parameters.
\r\n\r\nCoa activation. The Cfc-rv, which was already in a state of surveillance, observed an explosive phase through the surveillance cameras, followed shortly after by the opening of an effusive vent at the base of the north-east crater and then landslides along the Sciara del Fuoco. Alert procedures were immediately activated, and the Advanced Operations Center (Coa) of Stromboli was contacted to activate the sirens and evacuate the population from the coast.
\r\n\r\nConvocation of the Crisis Unit. The Civil Protection Department consulted with the heads of the monitoring centers and the experts of the Major Risks Commission to conduct an initial evaluation of the ongoing phenomena. They also convened the Crisis Unit to coordinate emergency activities. Additionally, the Department authorized the dispatch of two teams of experts and technicians to reach the island within a few hours via helicopter.
\r\n\r\nEstablishment of the Scientific Synthesis Group and provisions for the population. On March 1, 2007, the Civil Protection Department established a Scientific Synthesis Group at the Coa of Stromboli. The group consisted of volcanological experts from the Major Risks Commission and experts responsible for monitoring. Their purpose was to assess current volcanic phenomena and hazards. Based on their evaluations, the emergency plan activation, aimed at reducing the population's exposure to the risks from eruptions or landslides, was adjusted as needed in coordination with central structures.
\r\n\r\nOn March 7, 2007, the Mayor of the Municipality of Lipari issued an ordinance prohibiting access to the volcano summits.
\r\n\r\nNew eruptive phases and further provisions. On March 9, a resumption of effusive activity was observed from the volcanic vent at 400m altitude. A sudden increase in the deformation of the Sciara del Fuoco was recorded, and a second effusive vent was opened at an altitude of about 500m. In response, a monitoring system was put in place, and it was decided that the people living in the coastal area should be evacuated.
\r\n\r\nOn March 15, 2007, a paroxysmal explosion occurred from the northeast crater, the products of which caused damage to the paths, to the monitoring network on the volcano, and also to the shelters present on the summits of the volcano.
\r\n\r\nOn April 7, 2007, the effusive activity ended, and the regular Strombolian activity of the volcano resumed.
\r\n\r\nCommunication activities and correct behaviors. In April 2007, the Department produced a multilingual information brochure entitled \"Welcome to the most beautiful active volcano in the world.\" The brochure explains the risks and correct behaviors for tourists and hikers when climbing a volcano.
\r\n\r\nAn emergency management intervention was implemented and conducted using the experience gained from the previous emergency in 2002-2003 and the structural and procedural innovations introduced in recent years. This involved all the offices of the Department, the Cfc-rv, and the Coa at various levels.
\r\n"},"field_abstract":null,"field_categoria_primaria":"pagina","field_codice_lingua":true,"fields":{"slug":"/volcanic/stromboli-eruption-2007/"},"relationships":{"field_sottodominio":{"name":"Emergenze"},"field_immagine_anteprima":null,"field_immagine_dettaglio":{"field_alt":"Frana Sciara del Fuoco vulcano Stromboli 2007","field_didascalia":"Frana Sciara del Fuoco vulcano Stromboli 2007","relationships":{"image":{"localFile":{"publicURL":"/static/a982eaa7a6a17d420265f2e44f616bfa/stromboli2007.jpg","childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"aspectRatio":1.5037593984962405,"src":"/static/a982eaa7a6a17d420265f2e44f616bfa/14b42/stromboli2007.jpg","srcSet":"/static/a982eaa7a6a17d420265f2e44f616bfa/f836f/stromboli2007.jpg 200w,\n/static/a982eaa7a6a17d420265f2e44f616bfa/2244e/stromboli2007.jpg 400w,\n/static/a982eaa7a6a17d420265f2e44f616bfa/14b42/stromboli2007.jpg 800w,\n/static/a982eaa7a6a17d420265f2e44f616bfa/809fc/stromboli2007.jpg 850w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}}}}},{"__typename":"node__page","title":"Etna eruption 2006-2007","field_titolo_esteso":"Etna eruption 2006-2007","body":{"processed":"In 2006, eruptive activity occurred in two different periods: from July 14 to 25 and from September 4 to December 15.
\nFirst phase of eruptive activity. From July 14 to 25, 2006, eruptive activity primarily affected the summit areas of the volcano, stemming from the volcano's southeast crater or from vents and fractures that opened in close proximity.
\nDuring the eruption, there were consecutive phases of effusive and explosive activity. The explosive activity alternated between Strombolian activity, ash emissions, and a major explosion, possibly phreatomagmatic, that occurred on November 16 from the southeast crater.
\nAsh emissions and air traffic. Ash emissions related to the explosive activity were consistent and created significant disruptions to air traffic and management of Catania Fontanarossa Airport. During this phase, the Civil Protection Department supported the bodies in charge of air traffic management at Catania Fontanarossa Airport. In particular, maps were developed to forecast the fall of volcanic ash to the ground.
\nThe emissions were substantial but did not reach the 2002-2003 eruption levels and did not cause severe situations for the inhabited foothill centers.
\nIn April and May 2007, Strombolian-type explosive activity was observed at the southeast crater. Pieces of magma were thrown up to 150m high. At the same time, a lava flow also developed towards the Valle del Bove, reaching an altitude of 2,000m above sea level. During this time, the Civil Protection Department inspected the volcano's summit area to assess the phenomena and determine the necessary actions to be taken.
\nSecond phase of eruptive activity. In late September 2007, an increase in volcanic tremors was observed, along with the start of new eruptive activity on the eastern side of the southeast crater. Persistent lava fountains were formed, reaching heights of about 300m. Additionally, an ash cloud driven by westerly winds affected population centers in the volcano's eastern sector, such as Milo, Giarre, and Fornazzo. As a result, on November 24, 2007, the decision was made to close the Reggio Calabria airport.
\nInspections conducted in the volcano's summit area in November revealed a lava flow from the base of the southeast crater, heading towards Valle del Bove but stopping around 1950m above sea level.
\nIn December 2007, the eruptive activity was over.
\nPhoto: Paroxysm at Etna's southeast crater on the night of September 4-5, 2007 / Bdsklo, CC BY-SA 3.0, via commons.wikimedia.org
\n","value":"In 2006, eruptive activity occurred in two different periods: from July 14 to 25 and from September 4 to December 15.
\r\n\r\nFirst phase of eruptive activity. From July 14 to 25, 2006, eruptive activity primarily affected the summit areas of the volcano, stemming from the volcano's southeast crater or from vents and fractures that opened in close proximity.
\r\n\r\nDuring the eruption, there were consecutive phases of effusive and explosive activity. The explosive activity alternated between Strombolian activity, ash emissions, and a major explosion, possibly phreatomagmatic, that occurred on November 16 from the southeast crater.
\r\n\r\nAsh emissions and air traffic. Ash emissions related to the explosive activity were consistent and created significant disruptions to air traffic and management of Catania Fontanarossa Airport. During this phase, the Civil Protection Department supported the bodies in charge of air traffic management at Catania Fontanarossa Airport. In particular, maps were developed to forecast the fall of volcanic ash to the ground.
\r\n\r\nThe emissions were substantial but did not reach the 2002-2003 eruption levels and did not cause severe situations for the inhabited foothill centers.
\r\n\r\nIn April and May 2007, Strombolian-type explosive activity was observed at the southeast crater. Pieces of magma were thrown up to 150m high. At the same time, a lava flow also developed towards the Valle del Bove, reaching an altitude of 2,000m above sea level. During this time, the Civil Protection Department inspected the volcano's summit area to assess the phenomena and determine the necessary actions to be taken.
\r\n\r\nSecond phase of eruptive activity. In late September 2007, an increase in volcanic tremors was observed, along with the start of new eruptive activity on the eastern side of the southeast crater. Persistent lava fountains were formed, reaching heights of about 300m. Additionally, an ash cloud driven by westerly winds affected population centers in the volcano's eastern sector, such as Milo, Giarre, and Fornazzo. As a result, on November 24, 2007, the decision was made to close the Reggio Calabria airport.
\r\n\r\nInspections conducted in the volcano's summit area in November revealed a lava flow from the base of the southeast crater, heading towards Valle del Bove but stopping around 1950m above sea level.
\r\n\r\nIn December 2007, the eruptive activity was over.
\r\n\r\nPhoto: Paroxysm at Etna's southeast crater on the night of September 4-5, 2007 / Bdsklo, CC BY-SA 3.0, via commons.wikimedia.org
\r\n"},"field_abstract":null,"field_categoria_primaria":"pagina","field_codice_lingua":true,"fields":{"slug":"/volcanic/etna-eruption-2006-2007/"},"relationships":{"field_sottodominio":{"name":"Emergenze"},"field_immagine_anteprima":null,"field_immagine_dettaglio":{"field_alt":"Eruzione Etna 2007","field_didascalia":"Eruzione Etna 2007","relationships":{"image":{"localFile":{"publicURL":"/static/e40dea5c4cd1d407d578c96e60cf30e3/evid-eruzione-etna-2007-2009.jpg","childImageSharp":{"fluid":{"aspectRatio":1.5037593984962405,"src":"/static/e40dea5c4cd1d407d578c96e60cf30e3/14b42/evid-eruzione-etna-2007-2009.jpg","srcSet":"/static/e40dea5c4cd1d407d578c96e60cf30e3/f836f/evid-eruzione-etna-2007-2009.jpg 200w,\n/static/e40dea5c4cd1d407d578c96e60cf30e3/2244e/evid-eruzione-etna-2007-2009.jpg 400w,\n/static/e40dea5c4cd1d407d578c96e60cf30e3/14b42/evid-eruzione-etna-2007-2009.jpg 800w","sizes":"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px"}}}}}}}},{"__typename":"node__page","title":"Etna Eruption 2002-2003","field_titolo_esteso":"Etna Eruption 2002-2003","body":{"processed":"The 2002-2003 Etna emergency involved a volcanic eruption and a seismic sequence, affecting many municipalities in the Etna area and requiring a complex intervention by the National Civil Protection System.
\nPhoto: Etna eruption of October 30, 2002 / International Space Station, public domain at commons.wikimedia.org
\n","value":"The 2002-2003 Etna emergency involved a volcanic eruption and a seismic sequence, affecting many municipalities in the Etna area and requiring a complex intervention by the National Civil Protection System.
\r\n\r\nPhoto: Etna eruption of October 30, 2002 / International Space Station, public domain at commons.wikimedia.org
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\nOn April 16, the cloud also reached Italy. On April 18, the Civil Protection Department convoked the Operational Committee, where a technical-scientific analysis group was established to closely examine the phenomenon.
\nFeatures of the Icelandic volcano. Eyjafjöll, also known as Eyjafjallajökull, is a nearly 1,700 m high volcano located west of Katla volcano in southern Iceland. Specifically, it is an ice-covered stratovolcano with a summit caldera 2.5 km wide.
\nDespite the latest eruption, it is the least active of the other volcanoes in the eastern area of Iceland. Three volcanic eruptions have occurred in the past 1100 years. The most recent eruption began in December 1821 and lasted more than a year until January 1823.
\nPhoto: Flight on Eyjafjallajökull, April 17, 2010 / Icelandic Coast Guard
\n","value":"On March 20, 2010, a new eruptive phase of Iceland's Eyjafjallajökull volcano began, marking its first activity since 1823. The eruption was localized in an ice-free area in the first few days. However, starting on April 14, the magma intruded into the central crater, coming into contact with the glacier covering it. This contact led to magma fragmentation, resulting in the formation of an ash cloud that spread north and across central Europe.
\r\n\r\nOn April 16, the cloud also reached Italy. On April 18, the Civil Protection Department convoked the Operational Committee, where a technical-scientific analysis group was established to closely examine the phenomenon.
\r\n\r\nFeatures of the Icelandic volcano. Eyjafjöll, also known as Eyjafjallajökull, is a nearly 1,700 m high volcano located west of Katla volcano in southern Iceland. Specifically, it is an ice-covered stratovolcano with a summit caldera 2.5 km wide.
\r\n\r\nDespite the latest eruption, it is the least active of the other volcanoes in the eastern area of Iceland. Three volcanic eruptions have occurred in the past 1100 years. The most recent eruption began in December 1821 and lasted more than a year until January 1823.
\r\n\r\nPhoto: Flight on Eyjafjallajökull, April 17, 2010 / Icelandic Coast Guard
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